Present Perfect:
1. Bentuk:
- Positive: Subject + have/has + past participle (V3) + object.
- Contoh: She has visited Paris.
- Negative: Subject + have/has + not + past participle + object.
- Contoh: They have not seen that movie.
- Question: Have/Has + subject + past participle + object?
- Contoh: Have you traveled abroad?
2. Penggunaan:
- Menunjukkan tindakan atau pengalaman yang dimulai di masa lalu dan berlanjut hingga sekarang.
- Menekankan hasil atau dampak yang masih relevan pada saat berbicara.
- Biasanya digunakan dengan time expressions seperti “since,” “for,” “just,” atau “already.”
Contoh Penggunaan Present Perfect:
- She has lived in this city for five years.
- I have never been to Asia.
- Have you finished your homework?
Present Perfect Continuous:
1. Bentuk:
- Positive: Subject + have/has + been + present participle (V-ing) + object.
- Contoh: He has been working on the project.
- Negative: Subject + have/has + not + been + present participle + object.
- Contoh: We have not been studying all night.
- Question: Have/Has + subject + been + present participle + object?
- Contoh: Have they been waiting for a long time?
2. Penggunaan:
- Menunjukkan tindakan yang dimulai di masa lalu dan berlanjut hingga sekarang atau baru-baru ini berakhir.
- Menekankan durasi atau keberlanjutan suatu tindakan.
- Digunakan untuk mengekspresikan tindakan yang mungkin masih berlangsung atau memberikan perhatian kepada durasinya.
Contoh Penggunaan Present Perfect Continuous:
- She has been learning Spanish for two years.
- We have been waiting for the bus since 9 AM.
- How long have you been working here?
Perbedaan Utama:
- Present Perfect: Menekankan hasil atau dampak dari tindakan yang dimulai di masa lalu dan masih berlanjut hingga sekarang.
- Present Perfect Continuous: Menekankan durasi atau keberlanjutan suatu tindakan yang dimulai di masa lalu dan masih berlangsung atau baru-baru ini berakhir.
Contoh Perbedaan:
- She has painted the room. (Present Perfect – fokus pada hasil)
- She has been painting the room. (Present Perfect Continuous – fokus pada durasi atau keberlanjutan)